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- WORLD, Page 51SOVIET UNIONLetting Their People Go
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- A wave of emigration swamps the U.S. and buoys Israel
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- Every morning for months a ragtag line of Soviet citizens
- has formed outside the American embassy in Moscow, jamming the
- guarded main entrance and snaking 100 yards down Tchaikovsky
- Street. The crowds push and break into noisy arguments. On
- particularly rowdy days some desperate applicants offer Soviet
- policemen as much as 700 rubles ($1,120) to sneak them to the
- front of the queue. Soviet emigration, for so long a trickle,
- has turned into an avalanche. Each year for three years the
- number of emigres has doubled, and so far in 1989 some 80,000
- Soviets have applied to leave. More than 90% want to go to the
- U.S.
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- This week the crowd in front of the embassy should begin to
- thin under the impact of new rules issued in Washington.
- Would-be emigrants will no longer be allowed to apply for visas
- in the embassy's consular office; instead, they must fill out
- an application and send it to Washington. Applicants who merit
- refugee status will be notified by international postcard to
- report to the embassy in Moscow for a personal interview.
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- U.S. officials estimate that about 300,000 Soviet citizens,
- mostly Jews and Armenians, will send in forms during the next
- twelve months. The annual quota set by Washington, however,
- will provide no more than 50,000 with refugee visas -- a 25%
- increase over last year -- and an additional 30,000 with
- "parole" status, permission to come to the U.S. but with no
- financial assistance. Result: the U.S., after demanding for
- years that the U.S.S.R. loosen its emigration laws, will turn
- away more than 200,000 Soviet emigres.
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- The situation is embarrassing for the U.S. But officials
- say the administrative and financial burdens involved are
- growing overwhelming. "Nowhere is it written," protested one,
- "that the U.S. should be the only destination of Soviets who
- want to emigrate." If embassy officials are defensive about the
- new procedures, they are also firm. To qualify as refugees,
- Soviets, like all other applicants, must prove that they have
- a "well-grounded fear" of persecution; those who succeed get an
- average of $7,500 in U.S. Government aid.
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- In recent years, most Soviet Jews who left their country --
- almost 19,000 during 1988 -- did so on exit visas for Israel.
- But during stopovers in Rome or Vienna almost all of them
- switched their destination to the U.S. They will no longer be
- allowed to do that, and some American Jewish organizations are
- protesting.
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- The Israeli government, however, considers the new U.S.
- policy a godsend. It is hoping that thousands of such emigres
- will now actually come to the Jewish state and help balance the
- rapidly growing Arab population. Finance Minister Shimon Peres
- announced during a visit to Washington last week that Israel
- expected some 100,000 immigrants from the Soviet Union by 1992
- and planned to spend $3 billion to assist them. "I don't think
- there is anything more important than to have Russian Jews
- coming to Israel," he said.
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